Essay Topic: What Divided The Nation To The Point That Us Fought The Civil War?
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Catcher in the Rye Setting Analysis - 910 Words
Catcher Setting Response The 1950ââ¬â¢s were a decade of great change in various ways. For example the American minorities, the women, and other outspoken ethnic and other groups of society, decided to stand up and fight for their rights. The Great War had ended, and men were coming back home. As this happened the demand for economic homes increased, and families began having children due to the economical stability and prosperity in which the United States of America was amidst. The nationwide home demand gave birth to one of the most comfortable and affordable ways of living: The suburban home. These neighborhoods were planned for young middle-upper class families who wanted to have, or already had children. These families were living theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦On the other hand there is the whole civil rights movements and the Pop culture. Both which were completely different to what the American society was used to. It might be accurate to say that the heart of the pop culture movement was the City of New York. In his time of Solitude Holden had the opportunity to experience the nightlife and culture of the city; here he could explore himself and his feelings towards life, the world and society. Holden became a sort of a ââ¬Å"philosophicalâ⬠thinker due to the things he saw and felt he planted some moral dilemmas in front of him that he preferred to resolve on his own. Sunnyââ¬â¢s encounter with Holden, more than merely a sexual encounter, was the opportunity for Holden to demonstrate to himself that he was able to do things on his own, since he was afraid of growing up he was trying to stay a teen as long as he could. The environment was fundamental to his mental formation. Just as J.D Salinger, Holdenââ¬â¢s socioeconomic background was at least middle-upper class (even though many of Holdenââ¬â¢s actions and what he says demonstrates he belonged to the high-class) Holden struggled with family and class expectations. His family and culture expect for him to be reasonably successful at the prestigious High school to which he belonged, and then, after he was done with it move on to an Ivy League school. Holdenââ¬â¢s problem is that he is incapable of seeing himself in that role, so heShow MoreRelatedShould Banned Be Banned? A High School Curriculum?1603 Words à |à 7 Pagesgruesome, yet extremely realistic portrayal of life. Among the novels that have been banned is The Catcher in The Rye, written by J.D Salinger, which describes the idiosyncratic ideals of sixteen year old mischief-maker, Holden Caulfield, and recounts the days following his suspension from Pencey University. In spite of the repetitive presence of sexual content and reference s it contains, The Catcher In The Rye should be included in all high school curriculums as it allows students to provoke deeper thoughtRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Word Choice795 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿Word Choice in The Catcher in the Rye By Tom Condon Word choice is a crucial element in a well-crafted story. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about a 16-year-old in New York in the 1950s named Holden Caulfield. The book is about his exploration in the world as he suffers from severe mental trauma from his point of view. J.D. Salinger uses word choice for realism, theme, and depth of character to make the story relate to the reader and add dimension. The Catcher in Rye contains many distinctRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Sound And The Fury 1688 Words à |à 7 Pages The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a modern novel focused on identity. The novel focuses around the life of a confused young man named Holden who is lost in his adolescents and struggling to find his way into adulthood. The Sound and The Fury written by William Faulkner, is a novel that takes place in Mississippi and follows the decline of the Compson family. The construction of the novel is split into four different parts, where each one is narrated by a different character. Benjy, JasonRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Symbolism Analysis1225 Words à |à 5 Pages but in The Catcher in the Rye, from 1951, they are closely related. Not only are they all cases of symbolism, but they all connect to the main characterââ¬â¢s brother. Holden, the main character, perpetually dwells on the death of his brother Allie and these four figures are representations of his inability to mature, and also his feelings on death and his own life. However, one more symbol, perhaps the most signific ant one, is Holdenââ¬â¢s vision for himself as a catcher in a field of rye. . In the novelRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Catcher In The Rye1408 Words à |à 6 PagesLiterary Analysis of The Catcher in the Rye Holdenââ¬â¢s story takes place in the 1950s. Because of this, it is necessary that the reader reads the story from multiple points of views. As Foster puts it, ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t read with your eyesâ⬠(Foster 228) meaning that it is sometimes necessary to read from a perspective that will let you relate to and sympathize with the characters. The time period is shown many times such as when Holden goes dancing and asks a girl if she feels like ââ¬Å"jitterbugging a little bitâ⬠Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory And Criticism1345 Words à |à 6 Pagesis written out it may perhaps fill half a page. The analysis setting out the dream-thought underlying it may occupy six, eight or a dozen times as much spaceâ⬠(819). This quote is telling us, as readers, that writing our dreams are simple. It does not take a lot of time to discuss or a lot of space on the paper to write it down. When analyzing the dreams, there are so many hidden meanings, thoughts, and desires. As a result, writing an analysis on the dreams requires a lot more paper, time, andRead MoreCharacters Of Different Literatures All Share The Same Ideal2090 Words à |à 9 Pagescharacters, Gatsby and Loman werenââ¬â¢t well liked by the most people around them. ââ¬Å"Gatsby is, after all, a bootlegger, a criminal, perhaps even a murderer or someone who threatens murder,â⬠and ââ¬Å"From the analysis of Willy Loman, we could find he is a person who has many shortcomings: dishonesty, setting a bad example for his sons, false pride, jealousy, devoting to illusion, having a wrong philosophy of life.â⬠Both have an inability to face reality because Gatsby canââ¬â¢t face that even though Daisy lovesRead MoreI Have Learned A bout My Writing879 Words à |à 4 Pagescharacteristics of literature that can be evaluated. This course helped me realize that character development, and the time of the writing of the novel are also important characteristics that can be related to the plot development and the overall analysis of the novel. This is the greatest takeback that I value from this course that I know I will carry into the future with me, but that will not only stay but that will benefit me and my writing. All of this also has changed not only my thinking aboutRead MoreLiterary Theories And Literary Criticism1318 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe history of the critic. â⬠¢ Acknowledges that the authorââ¬â¢s literature is influenced by his/her situations or surroundings. â⬠¢ The criticââ¬â¢s response is also influenced by his/her surroundings, beliefs, values and prejudices. â⬠¢ Shows how the authorââ¬â¢s settings affected their work and how the literary work reflects on the author. â⬠¢ Recognizes current cultural contexts, which helps criticââ¬â¢s to come to their conclusions about the literary work at hand. 2. â⬠¢ Literary context/work: The Merchant of Venice. â⬠¢Read MoreDialectical Journal 3 : Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1599 Words à |à 7 PagesRyan Sun Mrs. Penalora AP Language and Composition 26 August 2015 Dialectical Journal 3: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Quote Page #/à ¶ Explanation/Analysis 1. ââ¬Å"And he said that handling a snakeskin was such awful bad luck that maybe we hadnââ¬â¢t got to the end of it yet. He said he druther see the new moon over his left shoulder as much as a thousand times than take up a snakeskin in his hand.â⬠2. ââ¬Å"What did that poor old woman do to you that you could treat her so mean?...she tried to be good to you
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Apollo 13 Movie Analysis - 1198 Words
I have chosen to write about the Movie Apollo 13 Mission. This is one of our family favorite movies. The main cast of The Apollo 13 are Two main characters that are mentioned in the film Apollo 13, were Gene Kranz, played by (Ed Harris) and Jim Lovell played by (Tom Hanks). Both actors exhibit a style of leadership that we have been leading throughout this course called transformational leadership. Jack Swigert was also played by Kevin Bacon, and Ken Mattingly played by (Gary Sinise). The movie is based on mission called the Apollo 13. The purpose of the mission was to conduct an expedition to the moon. Throughout the mission the crew encountered several setbacks. Astronaut Jim Lovell played by (Tom Hanks) received a message fromâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Geneââ¬â¢s job was to make sure that the Apollo 13 crew made aback home safely to their families. Sometimes been a leader you must make tough decisions, even when those decisions mean that you may not achieve the goal that you set out achieving. The Apollo crew all wanted to go to the moon and experience what it felt like. I like when Gene said, ââ¬Å"failure is not an optionâ⬠after he look at the odds of the Apollo 13 returning to earth atmosphere. Gene pull the team of scientist and mission control staff and laid out the expectations, he inspired and motivated his team to do whatever it takes to get Apollo13 best to earth safely. As the leader Gene knew that he couldnââ¬â¢t waiver in his confidence, everyone was looking to him for direction, sometime leaders must be able to get their followers on board with a new vision, and that was what was needed at this juncture. I love how Gene lead his team, he was not full of himself, he was open to feedback, he looks at the data from the data analysis to see what they had to say, and then he made the decisions to formulate a workable plan, the whole team was a part of the process in getting Apollo 13 back. Back on the ship emotions and doubt begin to set in and Jim knew that he needed to a source of inspiration for his 2 crew members. Jim remained hopeful his tone and language was one of encouragement. The other two crew members began to fall apart they becameShow MoreRelatedApollo 13 Leadership Essay832 Words à |à 4 PagesApollo 13 and Leadership On April 10th James Jim Lovell, John L. Swigert, and Fred W. Haise embarked on one of the most historic missions in NASA history. Three days later on April 13th, while performing a routine stir on the O2 tanks, the Apollo 13 mission suffered a terrible electrical malfunction and was forced to make an emergency return mission. The movie has forever contributed two phrases to our everyday cultural vocabulary, Houston we have a problem, communicated by Jim Lovell, and FailureRead MoreApollo 13 Leadership Essay834 Words à |à 4 PagesApollo 13 and Leadership On April 10th James ââ¬Å"Jimâ⬠Lovell, John L. Swigert, and Fred W. Haise embarked on one of the most historic missions in NASA history. Three days later on April 13th, while performing a routine stir on the O2 tanks, the Apollo 13 mission suffered a terrible electrical malfunction and was forced to make an emergency return mission. The movie has forever contributed two phrases to our everyday cultural vocabulary, ââ¬Å"Houston we have a problemâ⬠, communicated by Jim Lovell, and ââ¬Å"FailureRead MoreEssay on A Successful Failure in Apollo 13 Project829 Words à |à 4 PagesAfter watching the Apollo 13 movie, it is interesting to know that this was a ââ¬Å"Successful failureâ⬠of a project. This is due to the fact that astronauts returned to Earth safely but they never made it to the moon. After the crew headed for the moon they had to disappointedly cancel the mission before it could be completed and return to earth, when the oxygen tank that exploded caused the spacecraft to malfunctioning. A brief history to puts things in perspective, Apollo program was establishedRead MoreApollo 13 - Paper 52671 Words à |à 11 PagesINTRODUCTION Apollo 13, the 1995 motion picture directed by Ron Howard, is the true story of Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert, a team of astronauts reassigned to a space flight with diminished preparation time. This routine mission to the moon suddenly becomes a survival mission to safely return home to Earth. The film details the circumstances affecting two separate but cohesive teams. The purpose of this case analysis is to identify the critical events, explain the underlying causes ofRead MoreApollo 13 Case Analysis1599 Words à |à 7 PagesGreen Team Apollo 13 Case Analysis The primary questions and issues you debated and discussed (i.e., what did your team think was most relevant about the case?). First, the green team discussed the success of the mission. We had a split jury on whether or not we thought the mission was successful. Both sides of the argument were well supported and we agreed to disagree with the following conclusions: one side took the stance that the mission was not successful because they did not make it to theRead MoreApollo 13 Case Study Essay2349 Words à |à 10 PagesLeadership Theories Analysis using the movie Apollo 13 Vision and Value Apollo 13 demonstrates the richness of leadership principles and values, especially focusing on team solidity. The movie illustrates how the leaders can develop a vision and values, and how the teams can collaborate under high stress situation. In the beginning of the movie the vision of the Apollo 13 project was to land the astronautââ¬â¢s on the surface of moon. But the unexpected explosion in the service module created aRead MoreExecutive Summary Essay7305 Words à |à 30 Pagesin todayââ¬â¢s workplace. As film is one of the more engaging mediums, this allows for abstract theories to be presented visually and in a dramatic manner. The film Apollo 13 was selected to showcase such models including the communication process model, types of decision making models, and the five-stage model of team development. Apollo 13 chronicles the events of the 1971 lunar mission involving three astronauts; Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, and Jack Swigert. After a successful launch, a critical errorRead MoreUse Of Power And Rationality On Strategic Decisions1910 Words à |à 8 Pagesextent is strategy influenced by power and rationality and how does the strategic decision-making come into play when deciding about long run strategy-making. In the following, I will apply strategy models and theories to the scenarios of the film ââ¬ËApollo 13ââ¬â¢ (1995) in order to evaluate how the strategy-making is affected by strategic decisions and vice versa. Therefore, I will consider the influence of power and rationality on strategic decisions in relation to the resulting outcome. To start with,Read MoreApollo 13 Paper3844 Words à |à 16 PagesApollo 13 Film Analysis | Andrew Hendrian | MG306/CO342Dr. Kruml amp; Dr. Curtin | | Apollo 13 Final Paper Outline 1. Culture (Subculture) a. Collaborative i. Work constantly done or completed in teams b. Innovative ii. Find ways to do impossible things ââ¬â make the O fit into the square c. Arrogant iii. We will not fail, ââ¬Å"Failure is not an optionâ⬠ââ¬â Gene Kranz d. Comfort level within teams iv. They did not want toRead MoreE Commerce Web Design1619 Words à |à 7 PagesREINVENTED ITSELF THROUGH ECOMMERCE Ã¢â¬Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Business / Client Description 4 Netflixââ¬â¢s history business 4 Netflixââ¬â¢s customers 5 SWOT Analysis 7 Strengths 7 Weaknesses 8 Opportunities 8 Threats 9 Strategy Management Factors 10 Ecommerce Business Model 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Ã¢â¬Æ' INTRODUCTION In many ways, Netflix is an amazing company to analyze. By being disruptive, the company has changed drastically the disc rental business and the streaming industry
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Employee Training free essay sample
Examines its Importance to the organization, purposes, types, focuses on marketing function, evaluation and measurement and validity. Includes tables. It is a commonly accepted fact that British employers have neglected the significance of employee training. They justified this neglect probably on the premise that although training is a major cost item, it does not have a significant correlation with improvement in organizational performance (Hallier and Butts, 1998, p.80). However, in recent years, there is a major upheaval in this line of thinking, prompted by industry experts and fast spreading public opinion about the impact of training and employee development. Employers in Britain are gradually but surely conceding to the fact that employee development does pay in terms of better organizational performance. Based on a research study sponsored by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, experts generally subscribe to the theory that skills training improve organizational performance and efficiency (Stevens and McKay, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Training or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 55).
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Othello Essays (595 words) - Othello, Michael Cassio, Iago
Othello In Othello, we encounter Iago, one of Shakespeare's most evil characters. Iago is an officer in Othello's army and is jealous of Cassio's promotion to Lieutenant. Through deception and appearance, we see many lies and clever schemes unfold. The astonishing thing about Iago is that he seems to make up his malicious schemes as he goes along without any planning. I agree with the critics that say Iago represents a "motiveless malignity". Throughout the play, Iago portrays himself as a devil figure and can compare with the devil. Iago has proved himself to be a master of deception. He lies to everyone to disguise his own thoughts. For example, in Act 1 scene 2, when he is speaking to Othello about his feelings toward Cassio, he uses very strong language, while at the same time, he lies throughout the whole speech faking loyalty to a fellow soldier. He says, "I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth. Than it should do offense to Michael Cassio". This deception impresses and convinces Othello that his officer is a good and loyal soldier. Iago also succeeds in deceiving Cassio. After Cassio's drunken fight, Iago encourages him to speak to Desdemona about trying to convince Othello to reinstate him as lieutenant. While Iago is talking to Cassio, he knows that this will only help his plan of having Othello see him with Desdemona. Evidently, Cassio is capable of being deceived by Iago. In Act II Iago gives a description of his plan of deception in a soliloquy. Iago describes how the devil uses the appearance of something good to disguise the various temptations that we know are evil. He tells how he will do the same while Cassio is begging Desdemona to tell Othello to take him back. Iago then will start his destructive scheme. The devil also deceives by lying and twisting the truth. Through deception, Iago creates the appearance of good, which is what fools the people around him into thinking that he is loyal and honest. Since Iago is an officer, he already has the appearance of being a good and honest man. He has an advantage when it comes to keeping that honest look about him throughout the play. Iago deceitfully organizes his plan to appear trustworthy to everyone. Iago also uses appearances to create deception. When Cassio had finished asking Desdemona, in the garden, if she would talk to Othello for him, he left her presence. Iago and Othello were standing off in the distance observing them. When Othello asks him if it was Cassio that he saw, Iago replies "Cassio, my lord! No, sure, I cannot think it, that he would steal away so guilty-like, Seeing you coming". He uses that scene to convince Othello that Cassio looked very guilty when he left Desdemona. Othello proves this fact later on in the play when he asks for appearance as proof of Desdemona's deceptive behavior. Othello demands to see it with his own eyes in order for it to be convincing. Iago then changes the subject and lies to Othello outright by telling him that he heard Cassio talking in his sleep. He then goes so far as to say that Cassio was making sexual implications to him while sleeping. This upsets Othello, showing that Iago's slyness has no limits. The devil and Iago, both, have a unique way of twisting appearances into looking like truths. Sometimes this makes it hard to distinguish between the two evils. Iago has proven to be the essence of evil in that he uses the same tactics that the devil does to get what he wants. As for Othello, the tragedy would not have happened if it were not for Iago who was jealous of Cassio's lieutenant job and of Othello for being a successful soldier.
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
Inaccuracies in Gladiator essays
Inaccuracies in Gladiator essays In 1500 BCE, a tribe of Latins moved into Italy along the Tiber River, and eventually founded the city of Rome. Rome had a city-state government and, in 753 BC, was invaded by the Etruscans. The Etruscans built buildings, roads, and city walls; and thus transformed Rome into one of the most powerful cities in the Mediterranean. In general, Roman gladiators were condemned criminals, prisoners of war, or slaves bought for the purpose of gladiatorial combat. Professional gladiators were free men who volunteered to participate in the games. The movie Gladiator, directed by Ridley Scott in the year 2000, is a movie about classical Rome that is riddled with historical inaccuracies. The plot of this movie portrays a Roman general, having been sentenced to die for not supporting the new emperor, escaping and then seeking out revenge upon the corrupt ruler. Characters that did not exist, battles that never occurred, and frequent misapprehensions about the Roman government and gladiators are f ound throughout the movie Gladiator, a movie that, although entertaining, is overflowing with historical inaccuracies. In the movie Gladiator, many characters are made-up, and if they were once real, were completely changed to help the plot of the movie and make it more entertaining for the public. The overlooking of much historical material on Commodus, one of the main characters and a man who actually existed in the classical Roman era, is a mainstay in this movie. One accuracy about Commodus was that he was enthralled with shows of beast hunting, chariot racing, and gladiatorial combat; he even trained himself in those skills and eventually fought in the public arena as a gladiator. Except for his documented love of the games, there is not much that is historical about Gladiators portrayal of Commodus. In the movie he seems to be in his mid-to-late twenties with dark hair, when in all actuality, ...
Saturday, February 22, 2020
Mulvey's Analysis of Visual Structure Extended to Consider Racial Essay
Mulvey's Analysis of Visual Structure Extended to Consider Racial Difference - Essay Example Her work was inspired by theories presented by Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan (Mulvey 836). She incorporated their theories as ââ¬Å"political weaponsâ⬠(Mulvey 833) into her own work. Based on these concepts, she contended that conventional Hollywood cinema place the viewer in a masculine subject situation; and women are depicted as mere objects of admiration. Traditional Hollywood cinema fostered spectators to relate to the hero, evidently a man. She states (Mulvey 837): ââ¬Å"In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. Woman displayed as sexual object is the leit-motif of erotic spectacle: from pin-ups to striptease, from Ziegfeld to Busby Berkeley, she holds the look, plays to and signifies male desire. Mainstream film neatly combined spectacle and narrative.â⬠On the other hand, Mulvey states that wom en were ââ¬Å"to-be-looked-at-nessâ⬠(Mulvey 837). She conceived two primary roles in which males construed female characters during this era. These were ââ¬Å"voyeuristicâ⬠and ââ¬Å"fetishistâ⬠. ... In addition, that she had not borne in mind that the impact of a feminist role might be different on bisexual or heterosexual spectators. Moreover, she failed to account for media audience researches related to fans and their interface with celebrities. Mulvey wrote in rebuttal that the purpose of her writing was to provoke though and present novel notions instead of a logical academic work. However, her views were slightly modified on some issues as demonstrated in her subsequent article ââ¬Å"Afterthoughts on Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinemaâ⬠. Generally, the portrayal of blacks in Hollywood cinema and their categorical absence in films leads to condemnation by spectators. Normally, black spectators avoid identifying themselves with depicted characters and even oppose the convincing elements of films. Most articles such as Mulveyââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËImaginary Signifier by Christian Metzââ¬â¢, ââ¬ËDifferenceââ¬â¢ by Stephen Heath and the like revolved around issues of gendered viewership. Manohla Dargis and A.O. Scott have presented an attention-grabbing analysis of the personification of blacks in Hollywood in their article titled ââ¬Å"How the Movies Made a Presidentâ⬠(Dargis and Scott). They illustrate the development of characters assigned to blacks during the previous decades ââ¬Å"from the ghetto to the boardroom, from supporting roles in kitchens, liveries, and social-problem movies to the rarefied summit of the Hollywood A-listâ⬠. This draws attention towards the crucial resemblance between how blacks are allotted stereotypical and relegated roles and how women encountered similar derogatory treatment. Although, the stereotyping in characters is different for the two groups; but primarily it represents the
Thursday, February 6, 2020
Induction of Gene Expression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Induction of Gene Expression - Research Paper Example They are preceded by a single promoter/operator region which controls the expression of all three genes. Even further upstream of the promoter lies the gene lacI which codes for the lac repressor protein. This protein is a regulator and binds to the promoter/operator region of the lac operon in the absence of lactose in the medium. This is simply an economic measure by the bacterium to prevent the wasteful synthesis of enzymes when they are not needed. In the presence of lactose, the repression is relieved as lactose binds to the repressor protein and changes its conformation in a manner that makes it dissociate from the promoter. However, there is an added control level to the regulation of this operon. In the presence of a preferred substrate, like glucose or its modified form, glucose -6- phosphate, the bacterium will still not synthesize lactose even though this is present in the medium along with glucose. This phenomenon is called catabolite repression. The mechanism involves the CAP protein which also can increase expression of the lac operon. When glucose levels are high, cyclic AMP levels lower. Cyclic AMP forms a complex with CAP before it binds to the DNA. So, when the cyclic AMP levels are lowered, the CAP protein bound to DNA also decreases, thus lowering the transcription of lac genes. ... Since the natural substrate lactose and the products of its metabolism are not coloured detection of their formation is difficult. For this purpose, the analog ONPG is used which upon hydrolysis yields a product which is deep yellow in colour and can be spectrophotometrically quantified to follow the reaction and hence the expression patterns of the operon. The aim of the work is to use this analog and others to obtain a better understanding of the workings of the lac operon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Culturing of the bacteria: 10 ml each of E. coli (lac+ strain) which had reached mid-log phase was aliquoted into separate flasks and incubated at 28- 30 C gently shaking to ensure aeration. The cells were allowed to continue growing. Induction: Two sets of induction experiments were performed. The first set was induced with IPTG at a final concentration of 0.5 mM. The second set was also induced with 0.5 mM IPTG but in addition glucose was added to the medium to a final concentration of 30 mM. For the first set 1 ml samples were taken out at intervals of 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 48 minutes and used for the assay of galactosidase activity. For set 2, samples were removed at intervals of 10 and 45 minutes after induction with IPTG. As a control, 1 ml of the culture was removed prior to induction from both sets and used as uninduced controls. -galactosidase assays: To determine whether expression of the operon was taking place, the activity of galactosidase was assayed as follows. 0.1 ml of the culture samples removed at each time point were transferred into spectrophotometer tubes appropriately labeled. 1.5 ml of ONPG assay medium was added to each tube. (100 ml of assay medium contains 8 mg ONPG, 0.1 ml mercaptoethanol, 0.001 M MgSO4, pH7). After brief vortexing
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